PAPAL SUCCESSION: OFFICE OF CAMERLENGO
OFFICE OF CAMERLENGO DATES [only] TO 12TH CENTURY
VATICAN CITY, APR 4, 2005 (VIS) - A student of the history of the Roman Curia, in particular the office called the Apostolic Camera, will find that, as early as the 11th century, the term "camera thesauraria" (treasure chamber) appeared, describing an office set up to administer the finances of the Roman Curia and the temporal goods of the Holy See. Today it performs the latter task only in the period of "sede vacante" or vacant see.
In the 12th century, the head of that office was known as the "camerarius," or camerlengo (chamberlain) - a title which carries over to today. That same century saw the former offices of viceroy, treasurer and wardrobe guardian incorporated into this single department.
In the 13th and 14th centuries it acquired judicial functions in fiscal matters as well as certain penal and civil cases.
The camerlengo of Holy Roman Church (to be distinguished from the camerlengo of the College of Cardinals)
was often a cardinal, but this became mandatory only
in the 15th century. Then - as now - he was assisted by a vice-camerlengo, a general auditor and chamber clerks, called Cleric Prelates. Today there is also a notary.
The current camerlengo of Holy Roman Church is Cardinal Eduardo Martinez Somalo. He was born March 31, 1927 in Banos de Rio Tobia in the diocese of Calahorra y La Calzada-Logrono. He was made a cardinal by Pope John Paul on June 28, 1988, and was appointed camerlengo on April 5, 1993.
In the early centuries the camerlengo, individual clerks and chamber auditor had acquired specific competencies and presided over special tribunals, though the "camera plena" or full chamber functioned as a collegial court. Throughout the 19th century the Camera was above all a tribunal for the pontifical state. With his Apostolic Constitution "Sapienti Consilio" of June 29, 1908, Pope St. Pius X confirmed the Apostolic Camera in its functions of temporal power which it had exercised in the past.
With Paul VI's Apostolic Constitution "Regimini Ecclesiae Universae" of August 15, 1967, the Apostolic Camera, presided over by the Camerlengo of Holy Roman Church, or if he is impeded, by the vice-camerlengo, preserved the function of caring for and administering the temporal goods and rights of the Holy See during the period of "sede vacante," that is, between the death of one Pope and the election of his successor.
A reconfirmation of these special duties came with John Paul II's Apostolic Constitution "Pastor Bonus" of June 28, 1988.
As confirmed by Pope John Paul II in the Apostolic Constitution "Universi Dominici Gregis" of February 1996, the camerlengo of Holy Roman Church and the major penitentiary are the only two heads of curial offices whose functions do not cease during the "sede vacante." In fact, those of the camerlengo actually increase during this period.
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Company Develops Way to Restore
Computer Cookies so they can continue to SPY on you
NEW YORK - April 7/05 -The company behind those floating ads that dance across Web pages has developed a way to restore the data profiles that many privacy-conscious users try to delete from their computers.
Most users don't know what they are doing when they run antispyware programs that delete the profiles, known as cookies, said Mookie
Tenembaum, founder of United Virtualities Inc.
By deleting cookies, he said, users thwart efforts by Web sites to prevent the same ads from appearing over and over. Tenembaum said visitors are also forced to repeatedly enter usernames and passwords, which are sometimes stored in the profiles.
United Virtualities calls the product Persistent Identification
Element. It taps a separate profile system that's found in
Macromedia Inc.'s Flash and that's
not generally affected by antispyware programs.
Using the product, when a Web site discovers a cookie missing, it can look for a backup in
Flash and restore the cookie.
Richard M. Smith, a privacy and security consultant in Cambridge, Mass., was critical of United
Virtualities.
Full
Story Here
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