Credentials of the U.N. Law of the Sea Court Judges

The Hidden Agenda of the Law of the Sea Treaty

Hidden Agenda of the United Nations

No one would dispute the Credentials of these Judges. It is not their professional qualifications that is in question. The difficulty lies rather in what they hold in common:

a. A Commitment to the United Nations above all else

b. A Commitment to the erasing of national boundaries and Nation-State sovereignty

c. A Commitment to the Law of the Sea Treaty and its enforcement above all others forms of law.

d. A Commitment to Treaty Law as THE system of Jurisprudence in International Law

e. Very little practical experience in standing for the Personal Freedoms and individual rights of people on the Planet. 

f. Very little or no understanding of Common Law and the Rights of men as preserved in Magna Charta

g. Very little or no understanding of the need for Constitutional Guarantees through a Bill of Rights, such as that which Americans (and others) are entitled to...as found in the Bill of Rights of the United States (PDF). 

A loss of Sovereignty into a Gain for the United Nations:  ‘A Constitution for the Oceans’
Remarks by Tommy T.B. Koh, of Singapore, President of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (PDF)

General Information - Judges of the Law of the Sea Tribunal

Judges
The Tribunal is composed of 21 "independent" members elected by secret ballot by the States Parties to the Convention. Each State Party may nominate up to two candidates from among persons enjoying the highest reputation for fairness and integrity and of recognized competence in the field of the law of the sea. 
No two members may be nationals of the same State and in the Tribunal as a whole it is necessary to assure the representation of the principal legal systems of the world and equitable geographical distribution; there shall be no fewer than three members from each geographical group as established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (African States, Asian States, Eastern European States, Latin American and Caribbean States and Western European and Other States). Members are elected for nine years and may be re-elected; the terms of one third of the members expire every three years. 

The current composition of the Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (Lost) is as follows:

Name (Order of precedence) Country Date of expiry of
term of office 
President L. Dolliver M. Nelson             Grenada 30 September 2005 

Vice-President Budislav Vukas             Croatia 30 September 2005 

Judges Hugo Caminos                            Argentina 30 September 2011 

Vicente Marotta Rangel                             Brazil 30 September 2008 

Alexander Yankov                                     Bulgaria 30 September 2011 

Soji Yamamoto                                           Japan 30 September 2005 

Anatoly Lazarevich Kolodkin                 Russian Federation 30 September 2008 

Choon-Ho Park                                            Republic of Korea 30 September 2005 

Paul Bamela Engo                                     Cameroon 30 September 2008 

Thomas A. Mensah                                  Ghana 30 September 2005 

P. Chandrasekhara Rao                         India 30 September 2008 

Joseph Akl                                                 Lebanon 30 September 2008 

David Anderson                                        United Kingdom 30 September 2005 

Rüdiger Wolfrum                                     Germany 30 September 2008 

Tullio Treves                                                Italy 30 September 2011 

Mohamed Mouldi Marsit                         Tunisia 30 September 2005 

Tafsir Malick Ndiaye                                 Senegal 30 September 2011 

José Luis Jesus                                         Cape Verde 30 September 2008 

Guangjian Xu                                             China 30 September 2011 

Jean-Pierre Cot                                         France 30 September 2011 

Anthony Amos Lucky                             Trinidad and Tobago 30 September 2011 

Apart from those currently serving as judges, the following have been members of the Tribunal 
(the names of deceased judges are preceded by an asterisk). 

Name Country Period of office 
Joseph Sinde Warioba United Republic of Tanzania 1996-1999 
* Lihai Zhao China 1996-2000 
* Edward Arthur Laing Belize 1996-2001 
Gudmundur Eiriksson Iceland 1996-2002 
* Lennox Fitzroy Ballah Trinidad and Tobago 2002-2003 

Name (Order of precedence) Country Date of expiry of
term of office 

President L. Dolliver M. Nelson             Grenada 30 September 2005 

President Dolliver Nelson
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; Vice-President of the Tribunal 1999-2002; President of the Tribunal since 1 October 2002)

Education: B.A., University of the West Indies (1954); LL.M., London School of Economics (1964); Ph.D., London School of Economics (1969); Barrister-at-Law, Gray’s Inn, London (1971); admitted to the Bar of Grenada (1972).

Professional Experience: Lecturer in Law, London School of Economics (1970–1977); Law of the Sea Officer (1974–1976), Senior Law of the Sea Officer (1976–1984), Deputy-Director (1984–1994), Office of Legal Affairs, Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea; Secretary, Drafting Committee of the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1974–1982); Visiting Professor at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (1980); Executive Secretary, Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (1983–1994); acted as Legal Adviser in the Secretary-General’s informal consultations on deep seabed mining issues, which concluded in 1994 with the adoption of the Agreement relating to the implementation of Part XI of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1990–1994); Secretary, Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (1993–1994); Visiting Professor of International Law, London School of Economics (1995–present); lectured on aspects of the law of the sea in several institutions and actively participated in numerous seminars and workshops in various parts of the world.

Member: Committee on Legal Issues of the Outer Continental Shelf, International Law Association (Chairman 2000–present); Editorial Board, Marine Policy (1993–present); Committee on Coastal State Jurisdiction relating to Marine Pollution, International Law Association (1992–2000); research team responsible for the Commentary on the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, Center for Oceans Law and Policy, University of Virginia (1984–1994); Committee on the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), International Law Association (Rapporteur 1982–1989); Committee on the Law of the Sea, International Law Association (1974–1980); American Society of International Law (1970–present).

Publications: Contributed to various international legal periodicals and publications, including The British Year Book of International Law, The American Journal of International Law, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, The Modern Law Review and The Netherlands International Law Review; and reports to conferences of the International Law Association on Exclusive Economic Zone matters.

Honours: Fiftieth Anniversary Distinguished Graduate Award, University of the West Indies, 1998.

Vice-President Budislav Vukas             Croatia 30 September 2005 

Vice-President Budislav Vukas 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; Vice-President of the Tribunal since 1 October 2002) 
Born: Rijeka/Sušak, Croatia, 1 January 1938. 

Education: LL.B. (1961), LL.M. (1965), Doctor of Law (International Law) (1974), Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb; attended courses at The Hague Academy of International Law (1961 and 1968–1970); participated in the Centre of the Academy for Studies and Research (International Law and International Relations) (1967). 


Professional Experience: Professor of Public International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb (Assistant 1963–1970, Lecturer 1970–1974, Assistant Professor 1974–1977, Professor 1977–present); lectured at the Universities of Belgrade, Bologna, Boston, Brest, Ljubljana, Maribor, Milan, Osijek, Paris, Parma, Rijeka, Rome, Split, Thessaloniki, Tilburg and Valletta; directed a course on the law of the sea at the Dubrovnik Inter-University Centre (1984–2001); delivered a course on “States, Peoples and Minorities” at The Hague Academy of International Law (1992); consultant for UNEP, Nairobi (1981 and 1991) and its Co-ordinating Unit for the Mediterranean Action Plan, Athens (1985 and 1990); participated in: Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1975–1982); Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (1984–1990 and 1994); International Seabed Authority (1994–1996); Meetings of States Parties to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1994–1996); the Sixth Committee of the UN General Assembly (1990, 1991, 1995); Working Group on the UN Decade of International Law of the Sixth Committee of the UN General Assembly (Chairman 1990); CSCE Conference on the Human Dimension, Copenhagen Meeting (1990); CSCE Meeting of Experts on National Minorities, Geneva (1991); World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna (1993); 26th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, Geneva (1995). 


Member: Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labour Organization (1985–present); Commission of Inquiry formed under Article 26 of the Constitution of the International Labour Organization to examine the observance by Romania of the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) (1989–1991); Commission of Inquiry to Examine the Observance by the Government of Belarus of the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87) and Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) (President 2003); Scientific Council of the European Institute for Marine Studies, Brest, France (1997–present); Scientific Council of the Institute for Economic Law of the Sea, Monaco (2000–present); Permanent Court of Arbitration (1989–1991 and 1999–present); Court of Conciliation and Arbitration within the OSCE (1995–present); Institut de droit international (Associate member 1991–1997, Member 1997–present); founding member of the Croatian Academy of Legal Studies (2001); Association internationale du droit de la mer; Croatian Society of International Law (1961–present); Société française pour le droit international (1978–present); Argentine Association of International Law (2002–present); International Council of Environmental Law, Bonn (1978–present); Judge ad hoc in the case before the International Court of Justice concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Yugoslavia) (2000–present).


Publications: Author of numerous books, monographs, articles and papers in various fields of public international law, in particular law of the sea, international environmental law, international protection of human rights and national minorities, including The Relativity of Treaties (in Croatian), 1975; Ethnic Minorities and International Relations (in Croatian), 1978; The New Law of the Sea (ed., in Croatian), 1982; Essays on the New Law of the Sea, Vol. I–III, (ed.), 1985–1996; The Legal Regime of Enclosed or Semi-Enclosed Seas: The Particular Case of the Mediterranean (ed.), 1988; International Law, Vol. I (with J. Andrassy and B. Bakotić, in Croatian), 1995.

Judges Hugo Caminos                            Argentina 30 September 2011 

Judge Hugo Caminos
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; re-elected as from 1 October 2002; President of the Chamber for Fisheries Disputes 1997-1999 and since 2 October 2002; Member of the Special Chamber formed to deal with the Case concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean)

Education: School of Law and Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Lawyer (1942); Dr. Jur. (1964); postgraduate studies in International Law, University of California, Berkeley and Los Angeles, and Columbia University, New York (1945–1946); postgraduate studies in International Relations, New School for Social Research, New York (1946).

Professional Experience: Professor of Public International Law, School of Law and Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires (Assistant 1956–1957, Associate 1958–1962, Full Professor 1963–1987, Professor Emeritus 1988); Professor, Foreign Service Institute, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Argentina (1963, 1967 and 1972); Director, Department of International Organizations (1971–1972), Legal Counsel (1972–1973), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Argentina; Director of Studies, English-speaking section (Public International Law), The Hague Academy of International Law (1973); Lecturer at international law courses and courses on the law of the sea organized by UNITAR in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America (1973–1985); Deputy Director, Office of the Secretary-General of the United Nations for the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, New York (1974–1981); Ambassador of Argentina to Brazil (1981–1984); Under-Secretary for Legal Affairs and Legal Counsel, Organization of American States, Washington, D.C. (1984–1994); Lecturer at The Hague Academy of International Law (1987 and 1998) and at various sessions of the External Programme of the Academy; Lecturer at the annual courses offered by the Institute of International Public Law and International Relations, Thessaloniki (1986, 1992, 1994 and 1999); Coordinator of the annual course in international law organized by the OAS Inter-American Juridical Committee, Rio de Janeiro (1984–1994); Visiting Professor of International Law and Law of the Sea, University of Miami School of Law (1995–present).

Member: Permanent Court of Arbitration (1962–1976); Institut de Droit international (Associate 1979, Member 1983–present); International Curatorium of the Institute of International Public Law and International Relations, Thessaloniki (1987–present); Association internationale du droit de la mer; International Law Association (Argentine Branch); Argentine Council for International Relations; Argentine National Academy of Law and Social Sciences.

Publications: Author of numerous articles, monographs and papers on public international law, law of the sea, human rights and international organizations.

Vicente Marotta Rangel                             Brazil 30 September 2008 

Judge Vicente Marotta Rangel 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; re-elected as from 1 October 1999)
Born: São Paulo, Brazil, 14 March 1924. 

Education: Bachelor, School of Law, University of São Paulo (1946); Brevet in Juridical Terminology, Institut de Droit Comparé, University of Paris (1949); Doctor of University, University of Paris (1950); Ph.D., School of Law, University of São Paulo (1954); Participant, The Hague Academy of International Law, Centre for studies and research (1960); Visiting Scholar, Columbia University (1972–1973); Visiting Scholar, Columbia University, Parker School of Foreign and Comparative Law (1973). 


Professional Experience: Assistant Professor (1954–1963), Associate Professor (1963–1967), Full Professor (1967–1994), Head of International Law Department (1970–1982), Director of Law School (1982–1986), University of São Paulo; Lecturer, Institute of Public International Law, Thessaloniki (1976); Lecturer, UN/UNITAR, Regional Training Course in International Law, Buenos Aires (1983); Lecturer, The Hague Academy of International Law (1985); Legal Adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1990–1993); Professor, University of Brasilia (1990–1993); Member of the Examination Board, Advanced Studies Courses, School of Diplomacy, Instituto Rio Branco (1978–1990); Member of Brazilian delegation to: The Geneva Diplomatic Conference on Humanitarian Law (1974–1977), Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (1973–1982), The Diplomatic Conference for the Adoption of the Draft Unidroit Convention on the International Return of Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects, Rome (head of delegation, 1995); Director, Legal Department, Brazilian Space Agency (1994–1997). 


Member: Institut de droit international; American Society of International Law; International Law Association; Instituto Hispano-Luso-Americano de Derecho Internacional; Arbitral Tribunal, Mercosur; Permanent Court of Arbitration, The Hague (Brazilian group); Association Henri Capitant (Brazilian group); Société française pour le droit international; Asociación Argentina de Derecho Internacional (correspondent).


Distinctions: Silver medal awarded by the “Association Henri Capitant des Amis de la Culture Juridique Française”; Member ad honorem of the UNIDROIT Governing Council (1999); Doctor honoris causa, University of Coimbra (1999).


Publications: Author of numerous books, articles, monographs and papers in the field of public and private international law, international organizations and the law of the sea, including: Le droit de la mer dans la jurisprudence de la Cour Internationale de Justice, Thesaurus Acroasium, volume VII, 1977; The Technological Impact on Law of the Sea, 1981; Le plateau continental dans la Convention de 1982 sur le droit de la mer, Collected Courses, The Hague, 1985–V; L’équité en droit international, 1989; Public International Law: the Last Five Decades, Panorama of Brazilian Law, University of Miami, 1992; Navires en droit international: questions préliminaires (in Portuguese), 2002.

Alexander Yankov                                     Bulgaria 30 September 2011 

Judge Alexander Yankov
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; re-elected as from 1 October 2002; President of the Chamber for Marine Environment Disputes 1999-2002; Member of the Special Chamber formed to deal with the Case concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean)

Education: Graduated in Law, Faculty of Law, Sofia University (1951); Ph.D. in International Law, Sofia University (1963).

Academic Experience: Professor of International Law (1968–present), Head of the International Law Department (1980–1989), Sofia University; Member (1981–present), Head of the International Law Section (1988–1989), Vice-President in charge of social, political, legal studies and humanities (1988–1991), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; gave post-graduate and special courses on international law and law of the sea at Sofia University, many foreign universities and The Hague Academy of International Law.

Executive Experience: Vice-Chairman, National Oceanographic Committee of Bulgaria (1969–1998); Ambassador of Bulgaria to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1972–1976); Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Bulgaria to the UN in New York (1976–1980); Minister of Science and Higher Education (1989–1990).

Judicial Experience: Member of the Court of Commercial Arbitration at the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (1971–1987).

Member: Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague (1971–1998); International Ocean Institute, Malta (Vice-President); Executive Council of the International Law Association (1973–present); International Law Commission (1977–1996, Chairman 1984); Institut de droit international (1979–present); Advisory Committee on the Protection of the Sea, London (Vice-Chairman 1980–1996); Bulgarian Society for International Law (President 1980–present); National Assembly (the Parliament) of Bulgaria, Committee on the Elaboration of the Constitution, and Foreign Policy Committee (1986–1991); Union of Bulgarian Scientists (President 1987–1989); National Association for International Relations (President 1994–present); Independent World Commission on the Oceans, Lisbon (1995–1998); Bulgarian delegation to: UN General Assembly and the Security Council (1964–1984, Deputy Head); Legal Sub-Committee, UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (Vice-Chairman 1968–1973); International Maritime Organization, Eighth Assembly, London (President 1973–1974); International Conference for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, London (Chairman of the Fourth Committee 1973); Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (Chairman of the Third Committee 1973–1982); Inter-national Council of Environmental Law, Bonn (1976); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (Vice-Chairman 1987–1991); Association internationale du droit de la mer (2001–present).

Publications: Author of numerous books, articles, monographs and publications in the field of international law, law of the sea, international organizations, international adjudication and international environmental law.

Honours: Honorary citizen of Bourgas, Bulgaria (1995); Doctor of Law (honoris causa), Free University of Bourgas, Bulgaria (1999).

Soji Yamamoto                                           Japan 30 September 2005 

Judge Soji Yamamoto
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996)

Education: LL.B., Faculty of Law, University of Tokyo (1953); Doctor of Law, University of Tokyo (1969).

Professional Experience: Associate Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law and Literature, Kumamoto University, Japan (1955–1961); Professor of International Law and Organization, College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University, Tokyo (1961–1967); Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law, Seikei University, Tokyo (1967–1976); Professor of International Law (1976–1988), Professor Emeritus (1988–present), Faculty of Law, Tohoku University, Sendai; Professor of International Law, Sophia University, Tokyo (1988–1998).

Member: Postal Administration Council, Ministry of Post and Telecommunications (1973–1982); Ocean Development Council, Cabinet (1976–1984); Japanese Society of International Law, Executive Council (1976–1991), President (1988–1991), Honorary Councillor (1992–present); Meeting of 17 Experts to Study the Practice of States relating to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, New York (1992); American Society of International Law; Japanese delegation to: UN Legal Subcommittee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (Special Adviser 1967–1982); INTELSAT, Intergovernmental Conference for Definitive Arrangements (Adviser 1969); Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (Special Adviser 1976–1979, and 1986); Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (Alternate Representative 1978); Legal Expert Panel of INTELSAT (1982–1993); Permanent Court of Arbitration (2000–present).

Publications: Author of numerous books, articles and papers in the field of public international law, the law of international organizations, international environmental law, international telecommunications and international criminal law, including On Definitive Agreements Relating to INTELSAT (in Japanese), 1973; International Law of Space Telecommunications: A Type of International Enterprise (in Japanese), 1976; Space Development and Law (in Japanese), 1976; International Fishery Disputes and Law (in Japanese), 1976; Freedom and Regulation in Direct Broadcast Satellites (in Japanese), 1979; Function of Liability for Risk in International Law (in Japanese), 1982; International Criminal Law (in Japanese), 1991; Law of the Sea (in Japanese), 1992; International Law (in Japanese), 1985, 2nd new ed. 1994; Editor-in-Chief of The Japanese Annual of International Law (1978–present).

Anatoly Lazarevich Kolodkin                 Russian Federation 30 September 2008 

Judge Anatoly Lazarevich Kolodkin
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; re-elected as from 1 October 1999)

Education: Faculty of Law, State University, St. Petersburg (1945–1950); Doctor of Legal Sciences (1971); Professor (1985).

Professional Experience: Researcher and Head of Department, Central Marine Scientific Research Institute (1956–1968); Head of International Law of the Sea Department (1968–1978), Deputy Director (1981–present), State Scientific Research and Project Development Institute of Maritime Transport, Moscow; Director, International Communications Department of the All-Union Morsvyazsputnik Association (1978–1981); Professor, Moscow State Law Academy (1994–present); Chairman, National Committee of the Russian Federation on UN Decade of International Law (1996–present); Co-Chairman, Scientific Expert Council on International Law of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (1997–present); President, Maritime Law Association (1981–present); President, Russian International Law Association (1994–present); Main Scientific Fellow, Institute of the State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1998-present).

Member: Expert Council on Legal Sciences of the Russian Federation Higher Degree Committee (1985–2002); Permanent Court of Arbitration (1990–present); Academic Council on International Law, Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of the State and Law (1993–present); two Academic Councils of Moscow University (1985–2002); Comité Maritime International, Vice-President (1981–1994), Honorary Vice-President (1994–present); Law of the Sea Institute, University of Hawaii (Council member 1989–1995); Planning Council, International Ocean Institute Pacem in Maribus (1971–1990); Delegate to Conference on establishing INMARSAT and sessions of the Assembly and Council (1972–1982); Head of USSR delegations to Diplomatic Conferences on Privileges and Immunities of INMARSAT and on the Headquarters Agreement between INMARSAT and UK Government (1981); Expert, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO; elaborated (co-author) and presented on behalf of the USSR to IMO Draft Convention on the Legal Regime of Vessels in Foreign Ports (1974); elaborated and presented twice to IOC UNESCO Draft Convention on the Legal Regime of Ocean Data Acquisition Systems (1993 and 1995); USSR delegate and spokesman of East-European States to the Preparatory Groups and the Conference on elaborating and adopting the UN Convention on Conditions for Registration of Ships (1982–1986); Expert at the meetings of UNESCO for the draft Convention for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (1999–2000); Scientific Council to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Russian Federation (2001–present).

Publications: Author of more than 250 books and articles published in Russia, USA, UK, Germany, Belgium, Italy, India, Poland, etc. on international law, law of the sea, maritime and shipping law and international organizations, including World Ocean: International Legal Regime (in Russian), 1973, (in English), 1974; History of International Law of the Sea, 1974; The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Legislative Practice of States (co-author), 1984; The International Legal Regime of Territorial Waters and Contiguous Zones (in Russian), 1992; Stability in the Law of the Sea – Beyond Confrontation: International Law for the Post-Cold War Era (together with B. Oxman, in Russian and English), 1995 and 1996; International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea – a New Judicial International Institution (in Russian and English), 1998; “International Law of the Sea”, Manual of International Law (in Russian), 2001; “UNCLOS: Significance and New Aspects of the Application”, International Law, vol. 4, 2001; “International Law of the Sea”, Manual of the Institute of State and Law, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2002.

Choon-Ho Park                                            Republic of Korea 30 September 2005 

Judge Choon-Ho Park 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996) 
Born: Namwon, Korea, 15 April 1930. 

Education: B.A. in Political Science, Seoul National University, Korea (1959); Graduate Diploma in Applied Linguistics, University of Edinburgh, Great Britain (1965); Ph.D. in International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh (1971). 


Professional Experience: Research Associate, Harvard Law School (1972–1978); Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. (1973); Research Associate, East-West Center, Hawaii (1978–1982); Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law, Korea University (1982–1995); Director, Asiatic Research Center, Korea University (1992–1995); Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law, Seinan Gakuin University, Japan (1995–2001); Distinguished Professor of International Law, Graduate School of International Studies, Korea University (1997–2001); participation in the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and the Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea representing the Republic of Korea and the International Law Association (1974–1995). 


Member: Institut de droit international (1997–present); Editorial Board of: Marine Policy (1977–present), Ocean Development and International Law (1977–2000), Ocean and Shore-Line Management (1988–present), The Asian Review (1993–present).


Publications: Articles and monographs on law of the sea, energy and Chinese law. 


Honours: Distinguished Scholarship Award (Social Sciences), Academy of Sciences, Republic of Korea (1989); Doctor of Law (honoris causa), University of Edinburgh (1998).

Paul Bamela Engo                                     Cameroon 30 September 2008 

Judge Paul Bamela Engo 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; re-elected as from 1 October 1999)
Born: Cameroon, 5 October 1931. 

Education: Lawyer, Jurist; called to the English Bar (Middle Temple Inn, London, 1959). 


Professional Experience: Her Majesty’s Crown Counsel, Legal Departments of Lagos, Nigeria, and Southern Cameroons (1959–1961); Magistrate, Southern Cameroons (1961–1965); Senior Member, Cameroon’s Federal Judicial Commission (1961–1969); Minister Plenipotentiary, Hors Hiérarchie (since 1969); Deputy Agent for Cameroon in the Northern Cameroons (Cameroon v. United Kingdom) case before the International Court of Justice (1963); Minister Counsellor, Cameroon Embassies in Bonn, Germany (1964) and Washington, D.C. (1965–1968); Deputy Permanent Representative of Cameroon to the UN (1968–1973); Technical Adviser, Cabinet of the Minister of Foreign Affairs (1973–1982); Lecturer on Law of the Sea, Cameroon Institute for International Relations, University of Yaoundé (1973–1979); Lecturer on English Common Law, National School of Administration and Magistracy (ENAM) (1973–1979); Cameroon Ambassador, Permanent Representative to the UN (1984–1991 and 1996, until election as a Judge, ITLOS); Senior Counsel for Cameroon in the Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria case (Cameroon v. Nigeria) before the International Court of Justice (1995–1996, until election as a Judge, ITLOS).


Member: Cameroonian and Nigerian Bars (since 1959); Cameroonian delegation to: Second African Heads of State Conference in Cairo (Legal Adviser 1964); sessions of the UN General Assembly (1965–1990, 1996); UN Special Committee on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States (Drafting Committee Chairman 1966, Chairman 1967); Sixth Committee of the UN General Assembly (Vice-Chairman 1969, Chairman 1970); UN Ad Hoc Committee to Study the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (Chairman of the First Subcommittee 1971); UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (Chairman of the First Committee 1972–1973); Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (Special Representative of the Cameroonian Head of State as from 1973, Chairman of the First Committee 1973–1982); Presidential Commission on the Law of the Sea (Chairman 1980–1984); Council for Namibia (Chairman of Standing Committee III, 1984); Chairman, African Group that negotiated the Declaration on the Critical Economic Situation in Africa at the General Assembly (Chairman 1984–1985); Head of delegation (1984–1990); UN Human Rights Commission (Vice-Chairman 1985); UN Disarmament Commission (Vice-Chairman 1985–1988, Chairman of Working Group III, 1985–1988); Organization of African Unity Ministerial Conference, Lomé (Rapporteur General and Head of Cameroonian delegation 1985); Preparatory Committee for the International Conference on Disarmament and Development (1985–1986); Third Pledging Conference for the World Disarmament Campaign (Vice-President 1986); Head of delegation of the Council for Namibia on the first publicity campaign in Asia (Singapore, 1986); Vice-President of the UN General Assembly (1987–1988); UNICEF Executive Board (Vice-Chairman of Bureau 1989); International Environmental Law Association (Governor for the African Region 1989–1996); member of the Cameroonian delegation to the Consultative Committee (Nigeria and Cameroon) relating to delimitation border issues (1996).


Publications: Author of numerous articles on international law, including Africa’s Contribution to Development of International Law: Africa and International Organizations.

Thomas A. Mensah                                  Ghana 30 September 2005 

Judge Thomas A. Mensah 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; President of the Tribunal 1996-1999)
Born: Kumasi, Ghana, 12 May 1932. 

Education: B.A., University of Ghana (1956); LL.B., University of London (1959); LL.M., Yale University Law School (1962); J.S.D., Yale University Law School (1964). 


Professional Experience: Lecturer in Law (1963–1968), Dean of the Faculty (1966–1968), University of Ghana; Associate Legal Officer, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (1965–1966); Assistant Secretary-General and Legal Counsel, International Maritime Organization, London (1968–1990); Special Advisor on Environmental Law and Institutions, UN Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi (1991–1992); Visiting Professor, World Maritime University, Malmö, Sweden (1981–1990); Cleveringa Professor of Law, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (1993–1994); Professor and Director, Law of the Sea Institute, University of Hawaii, USA (1993–1995); High Commissioner of Ghana to the Republic of South Africa (1995–1996). 


Member: Institut de droit international (since 1989); British Maritime Law Association; Titular Member, Comité Maritime International (CMI); Standing Committee, International Maritime Arbitration Organization, Paris; Commission on Environmental Law (IUCN); Chairman Panel F4 (Environmental Claims), United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC). 


Publications: Articles, monographs and papers in the field of public international law, law of the sea, maritime law and international environmental law

P. Chandrasekhara Rao                         India 30 September 2008 
Judge P. Chandrasekhara Rao 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; re-elected as from 1 October 1999; President of the Tribunal 1999-2002; President of the Special Chamber formed to deal with the Case concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean) 
Born: India, 22 April 1936. 

Education: B.A., B.L., M.L., LL.D., University of Madras, India. 


Professional Experience: Research Officer, Indian Society of International Law (1963–1967); Law Officer (1967–1971), Assistant Legal Adviser (1971–1976), Legal and Treaties Division, Ministry of External Affairs; Counsel for the Government of India in the case concerning the Appeal relating to the Jurisdiction of the International Civil Aviation Organization Council (India v. Pakistan) before the International Court of Justice (1972); Legal Adviser to the Permanent Mission of India to the UN, New York (1972–1976); Deputy Legislative Counsel, Additional Legal Adviser, Joint Secretary and Legal Adviser, Additional Secretary (1976–1988), Secretary (1988–1996), Union Ministry of Law; Sole Arbitrator in Government contracts (1979–1983); Secretary-General, International Center for Alternative Dispute Resolution, New Delhi (1995–1996); Visiting Professor of Law: Osmania University, Hyderabad (1994–1995), Kakatiya University, Warangal (1994–1995), University of Madras (1995–1996).


Member: Board of Editors, Indian Journal of International Law (1970–present); Indian Society of International Law (Vice-President 1994–2000); Indian delegation to: Legal Sub-Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (1969–1973, 1975); International Legal Conference on Marine Pollution Damage, Brussels (1969); UNCTAD Working Group on International Shipping Legislation, Geneva (1969); UN Special Committee on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States, Geneva (1970); UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (1971, 1973); Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1973–1976); UN General Assembly (1972–1975); UNCITRAL (Head of delegation 1972, 1988–1994); Legal Committee of the ICAO (1973); Ad hoc Committee on International Terrorism (1973); Ad hoc Committee on the UN Charter (1975); Commonwealth Law Ministers Meetings held at Bridgetown (1980), Harare (1986), Christchurch (1990), Port Louis (1993), Kuala Lumpur (1996); Ministerial-level Meeting of GATT Contracting Parties, Punta del Este, Uruguay (1986); UN Conference on the Liability of Operators of Transport Terminals in International Trade, Vienna (Chairman of Drafting Committee 1990); Meeting of the International Seabed Authority, Kingston (1996), (Head of delegation); Meeting of States Parties to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, New York (1996), (Head of delegation); represented the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea at the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Sessions of the United Nations General Assembly, the Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Meetings of States Parties and the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization, Abuja (July 2002).


Publications: Author of books entitled The New Law of Maritime Zones, 1982; The Indian Constitution and International Law, 1993; The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996: A Commentary, 1997; Alternative Dispute Resolution: What it means and how it works (ed.), 1996; The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Law and Practice (co-ed.), 2000.

Joseph Akl                                                 Lebanon 30 September 2008 

Judge Joseph Akl

(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; re-elected as from 1 October 1999; President of the Seabed Disputes Chamber 1997-1999)

Education: Licence (degree) in public law, Faculty of Law, Saint Joseph University, Beirut (1961); Advanced Studies Diploma for Ph.D. in public law, Faculty of Law, University of Paris (1962).

Professional Experience: Teacher, Ministry of Education (1956–1963); Assistant Professor of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Saint Joseph University, Beirut (1963–1972 and 1978–1982); Head of Section, Department of Administrative and Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1963–1966); Assistant Director, Department of International Organizations, Conferences and Treaties (1966–1972); First Counsellor, Lebanese Embassy, Washington, D.C. (1972–1978); Legal Adviser and Director of Research and Documentation Center, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1978–1983 and 1994–1996); Ambassador to the German Democratic Republic (1983–1990); Ambassador to Colombia (1991–1994).

Member: Lebanese delegation to: several sessions of the UN General Assembly; second session of the UN Conference on Trade and Development, New Delhi (1968); Ministerial Meeting of the Group of 77, Lima (1971); UN Conference on Environment, Stockholm (1972); various sessions of the Council of the League of Arab States; Twelfth Summit of Kings and Heads of Arab States, Fez (1982); Conference of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Organisation of the Islamic Conference, Niamey (1982); Non-aligned Summit, Cartagena (1995); Member of the International Law Commission of the League of Arab States (1979–1985, President 1983); Head of the Lebanese delegation to: Diplomatic Conference on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, Montreal (1973); twentieth session of the Legal Committee, ICAO (1973); Diplomatic Conference on Succession of States in respect of Treaties, Vienna (1978); Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1979–1982), Association Libanaise de Sciences Politiques, founder member of the Association internationale du droit de la mer, first Vice-President of the Council of the Association (2001); American Society of International Law; Société française pour le droit international.

David Anderson                                        United Kingdom 30 September 2005 
Judge David Heywood Anderson
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996)
Born: England, 14 September 1937. 

Education: LL.B., Leeds University (1958); LL.M., London School of Economics (1960); called to the Bar, Gray’s Inn (1963). 


Professional Experience: Assistant Legal Adviser, Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) (1960–1969); Legal Adviser, British Embassy, Bonn (1969–1972); Legal Counsellor, FCO (1972–1979 and 1982–1987); Legal Adviser, Permanent Mission of the United Kingdom to the UN, New York (1979–1982); Deputy Legal Adviser (1987–1989), Second Legal Adviser (1989–1996), FCO; Visiting Professor, University of Durham (1995–present); Visiting Professor, University College, London (1996–2001); Representative of the UK in the Fisheries Jurisdiction case (Merits; UK v. Iceland) before the International Court of Justice (1974), in cases before the European Court and Commission of Human Rights (1976–1979) and in the Factortame and Baselines cases before the European Court of Justice.


Member of: UK delegations to: Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (1963–1978); Council of Europe Meeting on the Suppression of Marine Broadcasting (1965); UN General Assembly (1967–1995); Vienna Conference on the Law of Treaties (1969); Quadripartite Conference on Berlin (1971); International Maritime Organization MARPOL Conference (1973); UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (1973); Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1973–1976, 1979–1982); Conference on Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1977–1978); UN Security Council (1979–1982); Anglo-French Joint Commission for the Channel Tunnel (1987–1989); Maritime boundary negotiations with Ireland, France, Belgium, Denmark (Faeroes), Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Maldives, United States, Jamaica and Cuba; Channel Islands fisheries talks with France (1989–1996); EC Senior Officials Meetings on Law of the Sea (1989–1996); South Atlantic Fisheries Commission (Argentina and UK) (1990–1996); South West Atlantic Hydrocarbons Commission (Argentina and UK) (1995–1996); UN Secretary-General’s consultations concerning Part XI of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1990–1994); Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (1990–1994); UN Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (Chairman of the UK delegation 1993–1995); Task Force of North Sea States on the introduction of EEZs and Pollution Jurisdiction (1993–1995); International Seabed Authority (1994–1996). 


Member of: Editorial Committee, British Year Book of International Law (1996–present); Study Group on Joint Development of Offshore Oil and Gas, British Institute of International and Comparative Law (1989); Committee on Public International Law, British Institute of International and Comparative Law (1992–present); Group of Experts, convened by the UN Office for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (1992) on the Impact of the Convention on the Law of the Sea (UN publication 1994); International Law Association, British Branch; American Society of International Law; Law of the Sea Institute; Greenwich Forum (1996–present); founder member of the Association internationale du droit de la mer.


Publications: Author of numerous articles and papers on international law, including law of the sea; contributor to International Maritime Boundaries (1993, 1997 and 2002).


Appointed: CMG (Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George) (1982).

Rüdiger Wolfrum                                     Germany 30 September 2008 

Judge Rüdiger Wolfrum 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; re-elected as from 1 October 1999; Vice-President of the Tribunal 1996-1999; President of the Chamber for Marine Environment Disputes 1997-1999; Member of the Special Chamber formed to deal with the Case concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean) 
Born: Berlin, Germany, 13 December 1941. 

Education: First State Examination (1969); Second State Examination (1973); Dr. jur., University of Bonn (1973); Habilitation, venia legendi for National Public and International Public Law (1980).


Professional Experience: Assistant Professor, Institute of International Law, University of Bonn (1973–1982); Research fellow, Center for Oceans Law and Policy, University of Virginia (1977–1978); Professor of National Public and International Public Law, University of Mainz (1982); Professor, Chair of National Public and International Public Law and Director, Institute of International Law, University of Kiel (1982–1993); Vice-Rector, University of Kiel (1990–1993); Judge at the Courts of Appeal for Administrative Matters, Lüneburg and Schleswig (1986–1993); Director, Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg (1993–present); Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Heidelberg (1993–present); Vice-President, German Research Foundation (1996–2002); Vice-President, Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (2002-present).


Member: International Law Association (Board, German section, 1994–present); Executive Board, Law of the Sea Institute, University of Hawaii and University of Miami (1994–present); German delegation to: Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1980–1982), Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (1982), 4th Special Consultative Meeting concerning Antarctic mineral resource activities (1983–1988); Chairman of the Legal Working Group of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings preparing an Annex to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty on responsibility for environmental damage (1993–1998); UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (1990, re-elected 1994 and 1998); Founding Member of the Humanities Section of the German Academy of Natural Sciences (Leopoldina) (2003); Board of Trustees of the University of Hamburg (2003).


Publications: Author and editor of numerous books and articles on various issues of public international law, law of the sea, international environmental law, human rights, United Nations and the Antarctic, including Internationalization of Common Spaces Outside National Jurisdiction: The Development of an International Administration for Antarctica, Outer Space, High Seas and Deep Seabed (in German), 1984; United Nations: law, policies, and practice, 1995; Enforcing Environmental Standards: Economic Mechanisms as Viable Means, 1996; The Right to a Fair Trial (together with D. Weissbrodt), 1997; Means of Ensuring Compliance with and Enforcement of International Law, Recueil des Cours 272, 1998, 10 et seq.; International Law, vol. I/1, I/2, I/3 (in German; together with J. Delbrück), 2002; “Conflicts in International Environmental Law” (together with N. Matz), Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht, vol. 164, A. von Bogdandy and R. Wolfrum (eds.), 2003; “Equality and non-discrimination in the national and international human right protection” (ed.), Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht, vol. 165, 2003.

Tullio Treves                                                Italy 30 September 2011 

Judge Tullio Treves 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; re-elected as from 1 October 2002; President of the Seabed Disputes Chamber 1999-2002; President of Chamber for Marine Environment Disputes since 2 October 2002) 
Born: Tucumán, Argentina, 20 September 1942. 

Education: Doctor of Law, University of Milan (1964). 


Professional Experience: Professor of International Law, University of Sassari (1969–1973); University of Turin (1974–1980); University of Milan (1980–present); Legal Adviser to the Permanent Mission of Italy to the UN in New York (1984–1992); Counsel for France in the case against Canada decided by an Arbitral Tribunal concerning the Delimitation of Maritime Areas in the Region of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon (1990–1991); Counsel for Finland in the Passage through the Great Belt (Finland v. Denmark) case before the International Court of Justice (1991–1992); taught on the International Law Courses of Victoria, Spain (1984) and the UNITAR Courses in International Law at The Hague (1987, 1988, 1996, 1999 and 2003) and in Yaoundé (2002); gave courses at the Geneva Institute for Advanced International Studies (1988), Universities of Paris I and II (1983, 1994, 1995, 2001-2003), The Hague Academy of International Law (1990), the Rhodes Academy of International Maritime Law and Policy (1997, 1998, 2000-2003); the Bancaja international law courses at Castellon, Spain (1997); the University of Aix-Marseille (2000); the International Law Courses of Thessaloniki, Greece (2000 and 2002); lectured at universities in Italy, Argentina, Canada, Finland, France, Iran, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Belgium, South Africa, Republic of Korea, Singapore; External examiner for doctoral degrees at: Dalhousie University, Halifax; European University Institute, Florence; University of Valencia, Spain.


Member: Institut de droit international; Law of the Sea Institute; American, French and Italian Societies of International Law; European Council for Environmental Law; Steering Committee of the Project on International Courts and Tribunals (London – New York); Scientific Committee of the Institut de droit économique de la mer (Monaco); Editorial Boards of Ocean Development and International Law, Espaces et ressources maritimes and Il diritto marittimo; Legal Sub-Project of the Finalized Project on Oceanography of the Italian Council for Scientific Research (Board 1977–1982); Italian delegation to: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (1973); Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1974–1982, Coordinator of the French Language Group of the Drafting Committee); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (1981 and 1983); Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (1983–1994); Sixth Committee of the UN General Assembly (1983–1991); Working Group of the Sixth Committee of the UN General Assembly for the Drafting of a UN Body of Principles for the Protection of Detained or Imprisoned Persons (Chairman 1984–1988); Special Committee of the UN General Assembly for the Drafting of a Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries (1984–1989, Vice-Chairman); Second Vienna Conference on the Law of Treaties (1986); Special Committee for the Strengthening of the Principle of Non-Use of Force (Chairman 1987); Security Council (1987–1988); Consultations of the UN Secretary-General concerning Part XI of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1990–1994); First and Second Sessions of the International Seabed Authority (1994, 1995, 1996).


Publications: Author of numerous books and articles in various fields of public and private international law, law of the sea and environmental law, including The Exploitation of the International Seabed (in Italian), 1982; International Law (with M. Giuliano and T. Scovazzi, in Italian), 1991; The Law of the Sea, the European Union and its Member States, 1997; The United Nations Compensation Commission; A Handbook (with M. Frigessi di Ratalma), 1999; Le controversie internazionali, nuove tendenze, nuovi tribunali (International Disputes, New Trends, New Tribunals) 1999; member of the board of editors of the Rivista di diritto internazionale privato e processuale and Ocean Development and International Law.

Mohamed Mouldi Marsit                         Tunisia 30 September 2005 

Judge Mohamed Mouldi Marsit 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; President of the Seabed Disputes Chamber since 2 October 2002) 
Born: Kebili, Tunisia, 14 January 1944. 

Education: Bachelor of Law; Postgraduate Studies in Law; Diploma, Ecole Nationale d'Administration, Tunis.


Professional Experience: Administrator (1969–1996), Head of Department (1973-1980), Deputy Director (1976), in Legal Adviser and Legislation Services; Director (1980–1985), Director General (1985–1996); Legal Adviser to the Tunisian Government (1989–1993); Adviser to the Mediator (Ombudsman) (1993–1994), Director General for Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1994–1996); representative of the Prime Minister at the Compagnie Tunisienne de Navigation; representative of the Prime Minister at the Tunis Administrative Tribunal for Litigation (1975–1980); Tunisia's Legal Adviser, Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) case before the International Court of Justice (1981–1982 and 1985); Lecturer in International Relations, Faculty of Law, Tunis (1991–present); Lecturer at the Tunis ENA (college for training senior public administrators); Lecturer at the Diplomatic Institute, Tunis; Lecturer at the Menzel Bourguiba Naval Academy.


Member: Tunisian delegation to: UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (1973), Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1974–1982); Coordinator of the Contact Group of the Group of 77 responsible for the settlement of disputes, Preamble and final clauses (1976–1982); Chairman of the Working Group on the settlement of disputes of the Group of Arab experts on the law of the sea (1976, 1977 and 1979); Delegate to the Barcelona Conference of Plenipotentiaries of the Coastal States of the Mediterranean Region for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution (member of the drafting committee, 1976); Rapporteur of the African group for the meetings of legal experts on the law of the sea, Addis Ababa and Nairobi (1978–1979); Delegate to the Sixth Committee of the UN General Assembly (1980); Head of Delegation to the Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (coordinator of the Group of 77, 1984–1994); Head of Delegation to the meeting of the International Seabed Authority (Chairman of the Finance Committee and of the Working Group for the Rules of the Council, 1996).


Publications: Author of books and articles on the law of the sea, including Tunisia and the Law of the Sea (in Arabic), 1992; “Le règlement du Tribunal international du droit de la mer”, Annuaire du droit de la mer, Institute for Economic Law of the Sea, Monaco, 1997; Le Tribunal du droit de la mer, 1999; “L’Afrique et le droit de la mer”, Zbornik pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu, 2001; “ITLOS and the difficulties during the initial phase of its establishment”, Center for Oceans Law and Policy, University of Virginia, 2001; new book on International relations at the start of the third millennium (in Arabic), ENA Research Centre, Tunis, 2001; “Problèmes régionaux et nationaux – problèmes actuels de la mer méditerranée”, Collection espaces et ressources maritimes, No. 14, 2001; Mélange Lucchini et Jean-Pierre Quéneudec: cinquième anniversaire du Tribunal international du droit de la mer, 2002.

Tafsir Malick Ndiaye                                 Senegal 30 September 2011 

Judge Tafsir Malick Ndiaye 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1996; re-elected as from 1 October 2002)
Born: Kaolack, Senegal, 7 February 1953. 

Education: Annual internship certificate, UN (1979); Diploma, Institute of Advanced International Studies, University of Paris (first in his year, 1980); Postgraduate Diploma in public law, specializing in public international law, University of Paris (cum laude, first in his year, 1980); Postgraduate Diploma in political studies, specializing in international relations, University of Paris (1981); Diploma from the Centre for Studies and Research in International Law and International Relations, The Hague Academy of International Law (1981); Doctor of Law, University of Paris (magna cum laude, 1984).


Professional Experience: Assistant Lecturer, University of Paris X (1981); Assistant, Collège de France, Professor René Jean Dupuy Chair of International Law (1981); Lecturer, University of Dakar (1984); Director of the Research Centre, Faculty of Law, University of Dakar (1985); Counsel and Co-Agent of the Government of Senegal in the case of the delimitation of the maritime boundary between Senegal and Guinea-Bissau (1985), Arbitration Tribunal, Geneva (1986–1989), International Court of Justice, The Hague (1989–1991); Adviser to the Government of Senegal on Senegambia (1986); UN consultant (undertook several missions for the UN, 1989); Legal Adviser to the Senegalese Government in the negotiations concerning Senegal’s commercial debt, London Club (1989); Rapporteur, Commission on the Reform of the Senegalese Electoral Code (1991); Expert, Global Coalition for Africa, Washington (1992); Jurisconsult (1992); visiting professor at various universities. 


Member: Several learned societies.


Distinctions: Chevalier de l’ordre national du Lion, Senegal (1995); Commandeur de l’ordre du mérite, Senegal (1998).


Publications: Author of books, and numerous articles and papers in the field of international law, constitutional law, international organizations and the law of integration, including Matières premières et droit international, 1992.

José Luis Jesus                                         Cape Verde 30 September 2008 

Judge José Luis Jesus 
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 1999) 
Born: Vila da Ribeira Grande – Santo Antão, Cape Verde, 20 September 1950.

Education: Law Degree, School of Law, Classical University of Lisbon (1978); International Law Certificate, Saint John's University, New York (1985); M.A., Government and Politics, Saint John's University, New York (1985).


Professional Experience: Delegate and Head of Cape Verde delegation to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (1979–1982); Sixth Committee of the United Nations General Assembly (1979–1994); Counsellor (Legal Adviser) (1981–1987), Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative of Cape Verde (1987–1991), Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Cape Verde to the United Nations in New York (1991–1994); Chairman, Group of 77 for the Law of the Sea (1986); Chairman, Group of African States at the United Nations (1986); Head of the Cape Verde delegation to United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations, Vienna (1986); Chairman, Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (1987–1995); President, United Nations Security Council (July 1992 and November 1993); Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations for the Great Lakes Region, Central Africa (1994); Ambassador of Cape Verde to Portugal, Spain and Israel (1994–1996); Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (1996–1998); Minister of Foreign Affairs and Communities (1998–1999); Chairman of the National Commission on the Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries, Cape Verde; Lecturer at several seminars on the Law of the Sea.


Member: Cape Verde Bar Association.


Publications: Author of publications in the fields of the law of the sea and humanitarian law.

Guangjian Xu                                             China 30 September 2011 

Judge Guangjian Xu 
(Member of the Tribunal since 16 May 2001; re-elected as from 1 October 2002)
Born: Sichuan Province, China, 15 August 1931.

Education: Department of International Politics, Qinghua University, Beijing (1950-1952); Master of Law, Foreign Affairs College, People’s University of China, Beijing (1956).


Professional Experience: Lecturer and Associate Professor of International Law, Foreign Affairs College, Beijing, (1956-1964); Deputy Director and Director (1965-1985) and Deputy Director-General (1985-1990), Department of Treaty and Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, China; Consul-General (Ambassadorial Rank) of China in Sydney, Australia (1990-1992); Director General, Department of Treaty and Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, China (1992-1995); Adjunct Professor of International Law, Foreign Affairs College, Beijing (1985-present); Legal Adviser and Ambassador, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, China (1995-present).


Member: Alternate Representative, Chinese Delegation to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (1976-1982); Head of Chinese delegations to the following meetings: Annual sessions of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (1985-1989, 1994-1995, 1998-1999), Session and informal consultations of the Fourth Special Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting on Antarctic Mineral Resources (1985-1988), Sessions of the United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and its Legal Subcommittee (1985-1989), First and second sessions of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for the Elaboration of an International Convention to Combat Desertification (1993), Informal Consultations by the United Nations Secretary-General on Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1993), Meeting of States Parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1994), Thirty-third and thirty-fourth sessions of the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee (1994-1995); Chief Chinese Representative, Joint Committee of Sino-Pakistan Boundary Inspection (1985-1987); Chief Chinese Representative, Joint Committee for the Demarcation of the Eastern Section of the Sino-Russian Boundary (1992-1995); Special Adviser, Chinese delegation to the United Nations General Assembly (1993-1994); Representative of China, Sixth Committee of the General Assembly (1993-1994); Alternate head of the Chinese delegation to the inaugural meeting of the International Seabed Authority (1994); Senior Expert, Workshop on Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea (1993-present); Head of the Chinese Expert Group on Marine Issues in the Sino-Vietnamese Boundary Delimitation Negotiations (1994-present); Senior Legal Adviser, Chinese Expert Group on the Delimitation of the Sino-Vietnamese Boundaries in the Beibu Gulf (1995-present); Vice-President (1992-2000) and Senior Adviser (2000-present), Chinese Society of International Law; Vice-President, Chinese Society of the Law of the Sea (1995-present), Senior Researcher , Hainan Research Institute of the South China Sea (2000-present); Senior Adviser, Chinese Institute of Marine Affairs (1998-present).


Publications and Lectures: Various lectures and articles on international law and law of the sea, including: Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea and UNCLOS, Chinese Yearbook of International Law, 1983; New Developments in the International Law of the Sea, Foreign Affairs College, 1983; International Seabed Development Regime in UNCLOS, Chinese Society of International Law, 1985; International Law and Diplomacy, Chinese Society of International Law, 1993; Legal Issues on the Agreement Implementing Part XI of UNCLOS, Chinese Society of the Law of the Sea, 1994.

Jean-Pierre Cot                                         France 30 September 2011 

Judge Jean-Pierre Cot
(Member of the Tribunal since 1 October 2002) 
Born: Geneva, 23 October 1937. 

Education: Licence en droit, Docteur en droit public, Paris Law Faculty (1955–1965); Agrégé des facultés de droit et des sciences économiques (1966).


Professional Experience: Professor of public and international law and Dean, University of Amiens (1966–1969); Professor of public and international law, University of Paris-I (Panthéon-Sorbonne) (1969–1998); Emeritus Professor, University of Paris-I (1999–present); Associate Research Fellow, Université Libre de Bruxelles (1999–present); Counsel and Advocate in a number of cases before the International Court of Justice : Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali), Territorial Dispute (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Chad), Kasikili/Sedudu Islands (Botswana/Namibia), Armed activities on the territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Burundi), Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria), Sovereignty over Pulau Litigan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia); Member of an arbitral tribunal of the International Chamber of Commerce; Counsel and advocate, arbitral tribunal, France/UNESCO.


Public Office: Member of Parliament for Savoie (1973–1981); Minister, Cooperation and Development (1981–1982); President of the first Conference on Lesser Developed Countries (1981); Executive Board of UNESCO (1983–1984); European Parliament (1978–1979 and 1984–1999); President of the Budget Committee of the European Parliament (1984–1989); President of the Socialist Group of the European Parliament (1989–1994); Vice-President of the European Parliament (1997–1999). 


Member: Société française pour le droit international (President since 2004).

Publications: Author of numerous books and articles dealing with international law, European law and political science, in particular La conciliation internationale, 1968, Pedone, Paris and co-author of La Charte des Nations Unies, commentaire article par article, 2. ed., 1991, Economica, Paris.


Honours : Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur.

Anthony Amos Lucky                             Trinidad and Tobago 30 September 2011 

Judge Anthony Amos Lucky
(Member of the Tribunal since 2 September 2003)
Born: 11 May 1940. 

Education: Council of Legal Education, Gray's Inn, London (1958–1961); Post Final Practical Training Certificate (1961); Diploma in International Relations, Institute of International Relations, University of the West Indies (1972–1973); Masters degree in International Relations, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of the West Indies (1984); Certificate in Legislative Drafting, Commonwealth Secretariat. 


Professional Experience: Private practice (1961–1963); Legal Cadet, Attorney General's Department, Trinidad and Tobago (1963–1964); Part-time Lecturer in Law, Extra Mural Department, University of the West Indies (1963–1966); Magistracy of Trinidad and Tobago (1964–1974); Acting Secretary, Law Reform Commission, Law Commission, Trinidad (1974–1976); In-House Counsel, The Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago Limited (1976–1977); Corporate Secretary and In-House Counsel, The Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago and Subsidiary Companies (1977–1987); Legal Advisor, Royal Bank Trust Company, General Finance Corporation – Associated Companies of Royal Bank (1979–1987); Secretary and Legal Advisor, Caribbean Banking Corporation, St. Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–1987); Secretary and Legal Advisor, R & M Holdings, St. Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–1987); Associate Tutor, Hugh Wooding Law School, Trinidad (1985–2000); admitted to practice as Barrister and Solicitor, St. Vincent and the Grenadines (1987); Judge of the Supreme Court of Trinidad and Tobago (1987–2003); Justice of Appeal in the Court of Appeal of Trinidad and Tobago (2000–2003). 


Member: Commonwealth Magistrates' and Judges' Association; Interights. 


Publications and Lectures: Various lectures and articles on international law and the law of the sea. 

Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea - PDF

Agreement on Cooperation and Relationship between the United Nations and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea - PDF

Select Bibliography on Settlement of Disputes concerning the Law of the Sea - PDF (33 Pages)

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Settlement of disputes mechanism

Lists of conciliators and arbitrators nominated under article 2 of annexes V and VII to the Convention

Last updated: 26 February 2006