Textbook Examples of Jihad [Holy War] in Egypt
"Studies in Theology: Tradition and Morals, Grade 11, (2001) pp. 291-92 ...This noble [Qur'anic] Surah [Surat Muhammad]... deals with questions of which the most important are as follows: 'Encouraging the faithful to perform jihad in God's cause, to behead the infidels, take them prisoner, break their power, and make their souls humble - all that in a style which contains the highest examples of urging to fight. You see that in His words: "When you meet the unbelievers in the battlefield strike off their heads and, when you have laid them low, bind your captives firmly. Then grant them their freedom or take a ransom from them, until war shall lay down its burdens.'"
"Commentary
on the Surahs of Muhammad, Al-Fath, Al-Hujurat and Qaf, Grade 11, (2002) p. 9
…When you meet them in order to fight [them], do not be seized by compassion
[towards them] but strike the[ir] necks powerfully.... Striking the neck means
fighting, because killing a person is often done by striking off his head. Thus,
it has become an expression for killing even if the fighter strikes him
elsewhere. This expression contains a harshness and emphasis that are not found
in the word "kill", because it describes killing in the ugliest
manner, i.e., cutting the neck and making the organ - the head of the body - fly
off [the body].' "
Although
chilling to our modern sensibilities, particularly when being taught to
children, these are merely classical interpretations of the rules for jihad
war, based on over a millennium of Muslim theology and jurisprudence.3
And the context of these teachings is unambiguous, as the translator makes
clear:
"[the]
concept
of jihad is interpreted in the
Egyptian school curriculum almost exclusively as a military endeavor… it is
war against God's enemies, i.e., the infidels… it is war against the
homeland's enemies and a means to strengthening the Muslim states in the world.
In both cases, jihad is encouraged,
and those who refrain from participating in it are denounced."
Teaching
Egyptian school children anti-infidel jihad
hatred is clearly a long, ongoing , and ignoble tradition even within the
modern era. As the scholar
"I
am credibly informed that children in
Lane
translated the prayer below from a contemporary 19th century text
Arabic text, containing a typical curse on non-Muslims, recited daily by Muslim
schoolchildren:
“I
seek refuge with God from Satan the accursed. In the name of God, the
Compassionate, the Merciful. O God, aid El-Islam, and exalt the word of truth,
and the faith, by the preservation of thy servant and the son of thy servant,
the Sultan of the two continents (Europe and Asia), and the Khakan (Emperor or
monarch) of the two seas [the Mediterranean and Black Seas], the Sultan, son of
the Sultan (Mahmood) Khan (the reigning Sultan when this prayer was composed). O
God, assist him, and assist his armies, and all the forces of the Muslims: O
Lord of the beings of the whole world. O
God, destroy the infidels and polytheists, thine enemies, the enemies of the
religion. O God, make their children orphans, and defile their abodes, and cause
their feet to slip, and give them and their families, and their households and
their women and their children and their relations by marriage and their
brothers and their friends and their possessions and their race and their wealth
and their lands as booty to the Muslims: O Lord of the beings of the
whole world.”(Emphasis added.) 5
The
seminal modern scholar of Islamic civilization, S.D. Goitein, warned more than a
century later, in 1949, speaking of the Arab world generally, in particular
“Islamic
fanaticism…is now openly encouraged…writers whose altogether Western style
(was mentioned earlier) have been vying with each other for some time in
compiling books on the heroes and virtues of Islam…What has now become
possible in educated circles may be gathered from the following quotation from
an issue of the ‘New East’, an Arab
monthly periodical describing itself as the ‘organ of the academic youth of
the East’[emphasis added]:
‘Let
us fight fanatically for our religion; let us love a man-because he is a Moslem;
let us honor a man- because he is a Moslem; let us prefer him to anyone
else-because he is a Moslem; and never let us make friends with unbelievers,
because they have nothing but evil for us.’6
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