Linguistics & Bible Translations - The Linguistic knowledge base of the Translators
The Linguistic knowledge base of the Translators
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dCritical Questions that need to be asked about Chinese Versions- Chinese Simplified (PRC) c
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Criteria for Accurate Koine Greek Manuscripts to Translate From
Textual Criticism - Part 1 - Book of Matthew - Textual Criticism - Part 2 - Mark & Luke
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Prayer Requests - What to ask God for
Occult Bondage & How to Break it
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The Linguistic knowledge base of the Translators
Choice of New Testament Text - Spiritual State of Translators -
Linguistic Knowledge of Translators - History of Foreign Language Translations
The third set of criteria address the Linguistic knowledge base of the Translators
Each Bible Translator and Bible Translation team has an obligation to know the language into which they are translating.
That much is obvious. What seems far less obvious these days is the obligation of these same Translators to know and have a tremendous familiarity with [ancient] Koine Greek. Unfortunately some translators seem to depend upon mostly modern aids and help books in order to claim knowledge of Koine Greek.
This kind of translation work shows up where a Translator knows a foreign language, but not Koine Greek. As a shortcut, the translator begins to use concordances, lexicons, word studies, to produce their own "improved" version for the foreign language audience.
That seems to be happening more and more often with amateurs attempting to undertake their own translation and then release that, on the internet. Their motives may be well-placed, but there is no substitute for serious study of Ancient Greek or Hebrew where reliance upon those languages is critical to the foreign-language edition.
It is easy to find fault with those who have attempted to produced editions of the New Testament without a sufficient knowledge of ancient Koine Greek. But the situation in some mission groups or translations societies is not always so far removed from the translation attempts of amateurs.
The problem sometimes - even in translation groups or mission groups - is that the translation from Greek is dependent only upon one or two people for an entire foreign language edition.
The result is that in the case of Modern Foreign Versions, the foreign language edition suffer from a lack of linguistic depth because of a lack of diversity of scholarship within the translation teams on the Koine Greek side of the Translation. Thanks to Textual Criticism and Modern Literary Criticism, the tendency with modern translations is to almost over-emphasize the Modern Language into which the Bible is translated, but to shortchange the language in which the N.T. (or the O.T.) was written in.
Specifics of Chinese-Language N.T. / O.T. Editions.
Chinese editions vary in nature, scope and dialect. During the 1800s, some translations were accomplished by entire Translation teams. Some translations were accomplished by individuals who came to China and were assisted by local Christians.
in the 1800s, some translations into Chinese were accomplished by certain Bible Societies or Translators working together in harmony, but other editions of the Chinese N.T. were produced in order to supplant either earlier editions, or what was concluded to be earlier inadequate Chinese versions.
IN other words, in the case of China as in the case of some of the other nations, competing older translations were produced by Translators who were in competition with each other. In some cases the competition was open and public. Other times, the competition was due to differences in philosophy of translation AS WELL AS differences in the CHOICE of Greek Manuscripts to translate FROM.
China has a history of many languages that are designated as Chinese (usually without any additional precision), and many dialects as well. The Chinese of the PRC is not identical to the Chinese of Singapore. Today there are additional changes and variations between historic Chinese and the Chinese that is used in PRC.
The history of the Chinese language in China remains complicated. Some volunteer translators are currently attempting to produce modern versions in Chinese. We know of projects that use the [false] Nestle-Aland as the base [errant] Greek Text, and we know of other projects that claim to use the T.R. or the KJV as the basis for a translation of the N.T into Chinese.
We would never use a translation of any version for the base text or source text for a Foreign Language edition. We might suggest the use of the KJV in order to Confirm or verify certain passages or attempt to confirm that a certain literality (literal phraseology ) has been achieved, but the source text should always be the ancient Koine Greek Textus Receptus.
We know of several projects that are ongoing, involving translation into Chinese, of the N.T. We know of only two that in our estimate have any genuine chance of success, due to the dedication of the individuals and/or teams involved, and due to their linguistic knowledge in both Chinese and ancient Koine Greek.
But there are many translation projects that take place into Chinese. It is regrettable to find that some translation projects are using Linguistics and Linguistic knowledge as the PRIMARY criteria from which to initiate translations of the Bible into Chinese. There are multiple problems with this approach. The first is that in some cases, the knowledge of Greek or the interplay of ancient Greek with the Chinese is not well understood, even by linguists.
Another problem is that the linguists that are being used are not experts in Chinese or Ancient Greek. Their expertise is claimed in ENGLISH, (in their knowledge of the English Language), which means that they may be familiar to some extent with the differentiation between English and Chinese. That kind of specific expertise does NOT address the issues in Translation from the ancient Koine Greek text of the New Testament into Chinese. For that reason, those translations are not likely to be accurate enough.
There are additional factors that involve linguistics. It is not often addressed, but one of the main subjects is Theology, in the context of:
1. Familiarity with theological doctrines, and
2. Familiarity with how Theological doctrines impact the choice of words in foreign language editions.
The point here is that those who are Linguistic "experts" from Chinese to English are NOT likely to be nearly as expert on the matter of theological doctrines, and the impact or evidence of certain doctrines that interlock through and throughout the Koine Greek text in a manner that may not obvious in the English language, when the English is understood through the perspective of non-native English speakers.
This may be remedied in some cases, with the help of theological training or instruction. But it is hard to understand how that kind of training takes place or can take place in certain foreign environments that may foster the repression of theological accuracy.
The nuances in English can be profound - (and the doctrinal implications enormous) -, especially in the matter of words and word-choice concerning translations of the Bible. It would be helpful to find Chinese linguists who remain interested in English, but in the theological aspects of English enough to interest themselves in the translation work of the Reformation, and reading the Geneva Bible and the Bible of Wycliffe as well, in order to deepen their understanding of English.
Do the words chosen in the Modern Versions matter ?
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The Real Question is what are you going to do with the information that was presented in this article.
Is the Information True ?
Is the Information Accurate ?
Is the Information documented ?
Do I - before God - have a responsibility if I am a Christian to accept and act on the information in this article ?
Am I comfortable in the knowledge, that some leaders under the guise of clarifying the text of the Bible, are actually changing that text, and changing MY understanding of what God wants to share with me through His Holy Word, the Old Testament and the New Testament ?
Do I understand that these "small" changes number from the hundreds to the THOUSANDS depending on which Modern Versions I use, and that these changes serve to cut away the clarity and the specific understanding found in the Greek New Testament, that these new modern versions are preventing me from understanding ?
Do I understand that most of these new Modern Versions were not developed because there was a genuine need, but because the teams of Bible Translators were Hired by PUBLISHING companies who are eager to make a profit on the Word of God, which remains the Number ONE bestseller every week of every year, and that these Publishers decided to cash in ?
Do I understand that the problem was that if these Bible Adjusters and Correctors did NOT make the changes that they chose to, that they would not be able to claim copyright protection, and therefore they would not be able to make a financial Profit from their new versions ?
Do I understand that there are Spiritual Forces that want to prevent me from having GREATER spiritual understanding about God, but that God himself is always in MORE of a hurry than I am, for Me to get to know HIM ?
Do I realize what my personal state of preparation will be, within me, when Islam becomes the Dominant Religion in the United States, as it is already in Europe, and how I will personally be required to defend my Faith, by argument and persuasion, using knowledge of the Bible and of History and of Christianity, and that God will rightly hold me accountable because I am claiming to be His Child and a personal follower of Jesus Christ ?
In view of these facts, should I try to set aside more time for the study of the Word of God, and more time for the study of History and the true history of the Christian Church, and to learn about how other Christians in the past, actually learned to have and to gain GREAT spiritual strength ?
If no one reaches out to help prepare me for the coming challenges, whose job is it STILL for me to be prepared to answer these challenges and questions ?
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I Peter 3:15 But sanctify the Lord God in
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II Timothy 2: 15
Study to show thyself approved
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